Frequently asked questions

Who is a gynecologist, and why should I see one?

A gynecologist is a doctor who specializes in the health of the female reproductive system. You should visit a gynecologist for routine exams, to discuss concerns related to menstruation, pregnancy, birth control, menopause, and any other reproductive health issues.

At what age should I start seeing a gynecologist?

It’s recommended that young women begin seeing a gynecologist between the ages of 13-15, even if they are not sexually active. This visit is important for discussing puberty, menstruation, and reproductive health, and establishing a relationship with the doctor.

What should I expect during my first gynecological exam?

During your first exam, the gynecologist will review your medical history, talk to you about your menstrual cycle, sexual health, and any concerns you may have. A physical exam may include a pelvic exam, which checks the health of your reproductive organs. Pap smears or screenings may also be done, depending on your age.

How often should I visit a gynecologist?

Routine visits are recommended once a year for women over the age of 21. However, if you experience issues such as abnormal periods, pelvic pain, or other reproductive health concerns, you may need to see your gynecologist more frequently.

What is a Pap smear, and how often do I need one?

A Pap smear is a screening test that checks for abnormal cells in the cervix that could lead to cervical cancer. Women should start having Pap smears at age 21, and typically once every three years. After 30, you may have the option of combining the Pap test with an HPV test for longer intervals..

What are common signs of reproductive health problems?

Signs that you may need to see a gynecologist include irregular periods, pelvic pain, heavy bleeding, unusual discharge, painful intercourse, or any other symptoms that feel abnormal. It’s important to discuss any concerns as early as possible.

What should I do if I think I am pregnant?

If you think you might be pregnant, it’s important to take a home pregnancy test. If the test is positive, schedule an appointment with your gynecologist for confirmation and to discuss your options and next steps

What is menopause, and when does it occur?

Menopause is a natural biological process marking the end of your menstrual cycles, usually occurring between ages 45 and 55. It’s characterized by the cessation of periods for 12 consecutive months and may be accompanied by symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, mood changes, and vaginal dryness. Your gynecologist can guide you through managing these symptoms.

How can I maintain good reproductive health?

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a balanced diet, not smoking, and safe sex practices, is key to reproductive health. Regular visits to your gynecologist for check-ups, screenings, and vaccinations (such as the HPV vaccine) are also crucial to staying healthy.

How do I know if I need birth control?

If you are sexually active and want to avoid pregnancy, or if you have concerns about your menstrual cycle, acne, or other health issues, birth control may be a good option. A gynecologist can help determine the best form of contraception based on your health, lifestyle, and goals

What is a pelvic exam, and do I need one?

A pelvic exam is a physical examination of the reproductive organs, including the vagina, cervix, uterus, and ovaries. It helps detect abnormalities like infections, fibroids, or other conditions. Regular pelvic exams are part of routine gynecological care for most women.

How can I maintain a healthy pregnancy?

Maintaining a healthy pregnancy involves regular prenatal visits, a balanced diet, adequate hydration, avoiding alcohol and tobacco, and taking prenatal vitamins. Your gynecologist can provide personalized recommendations based on your health and pregnancy progress.

What should I do if I experience vaginal itching or unusual discharge?

Vaginal itching or unusual discharge can be signs of infections like yeast infections or bacterial vaginosis. It’s important to consult your gynecologist for a proper diagnosis and treatment.

Is it safe to exercise during pregnancy?

In most cases, moderate exercise is safe and beneficial during pregnancy. Activities like walking, swimming, and prenatal yoga are great options. However, always consult with your gynecologist before starting or continuing any exercise routine during pregnancy.

Can I have a vaginal delivery after a C-section?

Many women can have a vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC), but it depends on the specifics of your previous C-section and other factors, such as your health and the condition of your baby. Your gynecologist can assess your situation and discuss your delivery options.

What is the best method of contraception for me?

There are many types of contraception, including birth control pills, IUDs, implants, and barrier methods like condoms. The best method for you depends on factors like your health, lifestyle, and whether you want to have children in the future. A gynecologist can help you decide which option is best for your needs.

How do I know if I need a hysterectomy?

A hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) may be necessary for conditions such as uterine cancer, severe endometriosis, fibroids, or chronic pelvic pain. Your gynecologist will discuss all other treatment options with you before recommending surgery.

What are the signs of a sexually transmitted infection (STI)?

STIs can have symptoms like abnormal discharge, pain during urination, pelvic pain, or sores. However, many STIs don’t show symptoms. If you suspect you may have an STI or have been exposed to one, it's important to get tested and treated early to avoid complications.

How can I manage the symptoms of menopause?

Symptoms of menopause, like hot flashes, mood swings, and vaginal dryness, can be managed through lifestyle changes, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and other treatments. Your gynecologist can help you find the best approach to manage your symptoms.

What is HPV, and do I need the HPV vaccine?

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection that can lead to cervical cancer. The HPV vaccine helps protect against the most common strains of HPV that cause cancer. It is recommended for girls and boys starting at age 11 or 12, but it can be administered up to age 26, and in some cases, up to age 45.

What are fibroids, and do they require treatment?

Fibroids are non-cancerous growths in or around the uterus that can cause symptoms like heavy periods, pelvic pain, and frequent urination. Treatment may not be necessary if fibroids are small and not causing problems, but larger or symptomatic fibroids may require treatment options such as medication, surgery, or other procedures.

Can I get pregnant after 35?

Yes, many women get pregnant after 35. However, fertility does tend to decline as you age, and there may be an increased risk of complications. If you are considering pregnancy after 35, it’s a good idea to discuss your health and options with your gynecologist.

What is PCOS, and how does it affect my health?

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that affects the ovaries and can cause irregular periods, acne, weight gain, and difficulty getting pregnant. If you suspect you may have PCOS, your gynecologist can perform tests and provide treatment options to manage symptoms and improve your fertility if necessary.

What should I do if I experience heavy or painful periods?

Heavy or painful periods (dysmenorrhea) can be signs of underlying conditions like fibroids, endometriosis, or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). If your periods are causing discomfort or interfering with your daily life, it’s important to consult with your gynecologist for evaluation and treatment options.